The Role of Agricultural Biodiversity in Combating Malnutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Scoping Review In Book Agriculture and Life Sciences: The Power of Global Food Security; Chapter 6

Biodiverse agricultural practices are critical in building resilient food
systems, offering sustainable solutions to challenges such as climate
change, population growth, and global food security. By integrating a
variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms into farming systems,
these practices enhance ecosystem services, improve food supply
stability, and foster dietary diversity, addressing both environmental
and nutritional challenges. This scoping review synthesizes
epidemiological evidence and public health implications of
biodiverse agricultural systems. It explores the impact of diverse
farming practices on ecosystem health, climate resilience, and human
nutrition, comparing them to monoculture systems known for
environmental degradation and nutrient-poor outputs. Evidence
demonstrates that biodiverse agricultural systems promote ecosystem
services such as soil fertility, pest control, and pollination while
reducing reliance on chemical inputs. These systems provide more
nutritious food options, mitigate climate change impacts through
resilience to droughts and floods, and support long-term soil health,
ensuring stable yields. Biodiversity-focused farming practices are
also linked to reduced malnutrition and lower risks of noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs) by enhancing dietary variety. Scaling up biodiversity-centered farming practices globally is
essential for addressing malnutrition, reducing NCD prevalence, and
ensuring future food security. Public policy integration, farmer
education, and targeted incentives are vital for fostering widespread
adoption. These measures can create food systems that are nutritious,
culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable. Biodiverse
agricultural practices offer a holistic approach to global food security,
health, and environmental sustainability. Encouraging these practices
through policy, education, and innovation can ensure healthier diets,
resilient ecosystems, and long-term food availability for future
generations.